Collected data show that, when no process automation techniques. This report discusses a cost model developed at pnnl to estimate the manufacturing cost. Once the set of equations is developed, it can easily be transferred from discrete 0d to 1d. Multi disciplinary modeling, control, and optimization of. At present, they are under extensive research investigation as the. Fuel cells are expected to play a major role in the future power supply that will transform to renewable, decentralized and fluctuating primary energies.
Modeling of solid oxide fuel cells by won yong lee submitted to the department of mechanical engineering. Part two deals with the application of the theory to practical examples, where different sofc geometries, configurations from single cells to hybrid systems, operating conditions steadystate and dynamic, and different phenomena e. Thermodynamic modeling of materials for solid oxide fuel cells. Modelling of solid oxide fuel cells cued division a. The fuel cellgas turbine hybrid power systems can utilize exhaust fuel and waste heat from fuel cells in the gas turbines to increase system efficiency. Next, the discretetime submodels of hydrogen, oxygen, and water pressures intermediate variables are reduced. Modeling of solid oxide fuel cell functionally graded. Modeling of transport, chemical and electrochemical. Steadystate modeling of fuel cells based on atom search. In this chapter a detailed solid oxide fuel cell sofc dynamic model is developed, and its simulink model is given. Chemical energy electrical energy chromium poisoning of planar sofc calphad calculation of phase diagrams modeling thermodynamic lasrmncr oxide database applications. However, this type of metalsupported sofc represents a much younger technology and. Koeppel, ba nghiep nguyen pacific northwest national laboratory p. Since solid oxide fuel cells consists of two porous electrodes separated by an electrolyte, porosity of these materials should be explicitly considered in the governing equations.
Solid oxide fuel cell and the ow of the chemical reaction to produce the electrical current. Multi disciplinary modeling, control, and optimization of a. Modeling solid oxide fuel cells methods, procedures and. Methods, procedures and techniques edition 1 available in other format. Electrochemical model of solid oxide fuel cell for. Modeling of solid oxide fuel cell functionally graded electrodes and a feasibility study of fabrication techniques for functionally graded electrodes reuben flesner iowa state university. Fundamentals, design and applications provides a comprehensive discussion of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs. Our prior paper 1 focused on the steadystate performance of anodesupported jet fuel external reforming planar solid oxide fuel cell stack model for aircraft apu application. Advanced methods of solid oxide fuel cell modeling green.
The objective of this work is to find precise reducedorder discretetime models of a solid oxide fuel cell, which is a multipleinput multipleoutput dynamic process. Author provides information on typical length scales in evaluation of power systems with solid oxide fuel cells. This research considers a hybrid power system consisting of an internally reforming solid oxide fuel cell and a gas turbine. Methods, procedures and techniques this book is intended to be a practical reference to all scientists and. In techniques of the fabrication of nioysz anodes 7,8, this. Approaches, techniques and results in the present paper, a threedimensional, timedependent sofc numerical model is defined, considering. Modeling and control of a solid oxide fuel cell auxiliary. Study of natural gas powered solid oxide fuel cell. After the glass sealant crystallized during the joining process for 100 h. The basic physical structure, or building block of a fuel cell consists of an electrolyte layer in contact with a porous anode and a cathode on either side. A solid oxide fuel cell sofc is a promising fuel cell technology that can be used.
Fabrication methods and performance in fuel cell and steam. Drawbacks of stateoftheart sofc manufacturing techniques. Therefore, the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell is investigated. Siemenswestinghouse has been developing tubular sofc technology for over 20 years fig. Solid oxide fuel cells, or sofcs, are electrochemical devices which combine hydrogen fuel with oxygen to produce electric power, heat and water. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy stored in a fuel directly into electrical power. The important characteristic of this model is the consideration of reaction zone layers as finite volumes. A solid oxide fuel cell or sofc is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel. Solid oxide fuel cell and hydrogen storage metarial. Microstructural characterization of sofc electrodes by. Advanced methods of solid oxide fuel cell modeling provides a comprehensive description of modern fuel cell theory and a guide to the mathematical modeling of sofcs, with particular emphasis on the use of anns.
Perspective of dynamic modeling and control biao huang. Solid oxide fuel cell modeling concordia university. Cfd modeling provides a cheap and efficient method for the preliminary sofc design. Fuel cell is an old and proven technology that has been known to the mankind since 1938. Methods, procedures and techniques fuel cells and hydrogen energy.
Modeling of transport, chemical and electrochemical processes. Pharoah, modeling radiation heat transfer with participating media in solid oxide fuel cells, journal of fuel cell science and technology 3 1 2006 6267. Solid oxide fuel cell, control relevant model, model predictive control. Until recent years the integrated planar solid oxide fuel cell ipsofc, an innovative fuel cell concept developed by rollsroyce, has gained a lot of attention fig. Feliachi, dynamic and transient analysis of power distribution systems with fuel cellspart i, ieee transtactions on energy. This model is compared to an existing dynamic model of a polymer exchange membrane pem fuel cell, and the differences between the two models are pinpointed. Among several types of fuel cells, the solid oxide fuel cell sofc has the highest efficiency and could utilize various fuels 1.
Microstructural characterisation, modelling and simulation of solid. The important characteristic of this model is the consideration of reaction zone layers. Modeling and performance evaluation of standalone solid oxide. Pdf sofc fuel cell modeling electrochemistry internal reforming cfd. At the same time the share of electric power will continually increase at the expense of thermal and mechanical energy not just in transportation, but also in households.
Development of solid oxide fuel cell stack models for. Electrical resistance modeling of solid oxide fuel cells j. In part two, the reader is provided with practical examples of how the general equations defined in part one can be simplifiedadapted to specific cases. A brief description of high temperature solid oxide fuel cells. For our study we assess the most commonly used method. Introduction a solid oxide fuel cell sofc converts chemical energy into electrical energy at high temperature 800 c c, in contrast to a pem fuel cell that operates at a lower temperature 80 c100 c. Their combined citations are counted only for the first article. Modelling of physical, chemical, and material properties. Solid oxide fuel cells sofc have demonstrated nearly 70% efficiency in full scale trials. Especially, solid oxide fuel cells sofcs have attracted a great deal of. In particular, the combination of sofc and gas turbine holds the promise of very high cycle. H 2, often derived from a hydrocarbon fuel source, is transported through the porous. Methods, procedures and techniques fuel cells and hydrogen energy bove, roberto, ubertini, s.
Functionality of 0d to 3d models is discussed and selected examples are given. Up to now, most of the equations involved in sofc models have required the addition of numerous factors that are difficult to determine. Proceedings of sofcx, the tenth international symposium on solid oxide fuel cells,3 rd 8 th june, nara, japan oral presentation. Hydrogen as a perfect fuel for fuel cells and an outstanding and. In this paper, we present a detailed three dimension model of a typical sofc cell which is expanded from our early two dimension work 1. Modeling of solid oxide fuel cells by won yong lee submitted to the department of mechanical engineering on 19 august 2006 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in mechanical engineering abstract a comprehensive membraneelectrode assembly mea model of solid oxide fuel cell. Interval methods for sensitivitybased modelpredictive. Modeling and control of fuel cells as distributed generators. Multilevel mathematical modeling of solid oxide fuel cells.
A solid oxide fuel cell sofc consists of three main components, or layers. Analysis of the use of a porous cathode in a sofc condition. Pdf modeling of solidoxide fuel cells researchgate. Atomic structure observations and reaction dynamics. Solid oxide fuel cells s olid oxide fuel cells sofcs offer a clean, lowpollution technology to electrochemically generate electricity at high efficiencies. The process flow diagram for the standard manufacturing approach is shown in figure 3. Mathematical modeling of planar solid oxide fuel cells.
This book is intended to be a practical reference to all scientists and graduate students who are. Hydrogen, fuel cells, and infrastructure technologies fy 2003 progress report 1 modeling and control of a solid oxide fuel cell auxiliary power unit mohammad a. Once the set of equations is developed, it can easily be transferred from discrete 0d to 1d model to be solved using proper cfd method 28. Modelling of physical, chemical, and material properties of. Cost effective high volume manufacture of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs is a major. This book is intended to be a practical reference to all scientists and graduate students who are seeking to define a mathematical model for solid oxide fuel cell sofc. Solid oxide fuel cells are considered a promising technology matching the energy vision of tomorrow, that is high efficiency, pollution free operation, multi fuel capability. This thesis describes a systematical study, including multidisciplinary modeling, simulation, control, and optimization, of a fuel cellgas turbine hybrid power system that aims to increase the system efficiency and decrease the energy costs by combining two power sources the fuel cellgas turbine hybrid power systems can utilize exhaust fuel and waste heat from fuel cells in the gas. Department of energy technology, royal institute of technology kth. The sofc is a promising technology for distributed power generation with. Towards reducedorder models of solid oxide fuel cell.
Solid oxide fuel cell and hydrogen storage metarial video. This fuel would have contributed to the electrochemical process and produced. Computational design, fabrication, and characterization of. Mathematical modeling of solid oxide fuel cells at high fuel utilization based on diffusion equivalent circuit model. Solid oxide fuel cells are considered a promising technology matching the energy vision of tomorrow, that is high efficiency, pollution free operation, multifuel capability. Fuel cells are characterized by their electrolyte material. Several issues are under investigations and concern the use of lowcost and effective manufacturing procedures, the. Modeling solid oxide fuel cells methods, procedures and techniques, r. Specifically, sofc simulation and modeling using commercial. Researchers in japan, backed by the nedo new energy. Sofc modeling of microarchitectures in sofc electrodes 19. Operation of thinfilm electrolyte metalsupported solid oxide fuel. At present, there is a strong interest from both industry and academia in sofc modeling, but the resources. Jul 19, 2015 ebook modeling solid oxide fuel cells.
At first, the fullorder discretetime model is found from the continuoustime firstprinciple description. Request pdf modeling solid oxide fuel cell operation. Electrical resistance modeling of solid oxide fuel cells. Fuel cell technology is a rapidly expanding field and high temperature. The solid oxide fuel cell sofc is a promising candidate as a future energy source with its clean, high efficiency properties. Fuel cell is a well known alternative energy technology. Of the several classes of fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cells sofcs have attracted huge. In the meantime,a rapidly increasing interest in these systems has developed. The model is fuel flexible, which implies not only pure h 2 but also any reformate composition h 2, h 2 o, co, co 2 and ch 4 can be used as a fuel. Cost study for manufacturing of solid oxide fuel cell power systems. Part one introduces the reader to solid oxide fuel cells, the related main thermodynamic principles, and the main equations to be used for modeling purposes.
Apr 23, 2019 among several types of fuel cells, the solid oxide fuel cell sofc has the highest efficiency and could utilize various fuels 1. Modelling and experiments by naveed akhtar a thesis submitted to the university of birmingham for the degree of doctor of philosophy school of chemical engineering the university of birmingham march 2010. Mathematical modeling of solid oxide fuel cells at high. Methods, procedures and techniques fuel cells and hydrogen.
This book is intended to be a practical reference to all scientists and graduate students who are seeking to define a mathematical model for solid oxide fuel cell sofc simulation. A mathematical model predicting the performance of planar solid oxide fuel cell sofc has been developed. Design and implementation of the offline robust model. The anode materials in sofc are typically based on porous. The analysis of fuel cells can be divided into two areas, steady state modelling, and dynamic modelling. Mathematical modeling of solid oxide fuel cell fed biomass. Tubular, planar, and monolithic structures are primary sofc structures. Advantage of modeling defect chemistry with calphad. Guzmanleong pacific northwest national laboratory, richland, wa abstract solid oxide fuel cells sofcs offer advantages in efficiency, fuel flexibility and environmental concerns in the production of electrical power. Mathematical modeling of solid oxide fuel cell 39 figure 1. Layering of cells, flow fields, interconnects, seals, etc. Today, many assortments of fuel cells are commercialized, such as the polymer exchange membrane pem type for lowoperating temperatures 3, and solidoxide fuel cells for highoperating temperatures 4,5. Microstructural characterization of sofc electrodes by image. Modeling solid oxide fuel cells methods, procedures and techniques.
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